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Advanced Trigonometry

Theory Refresher

Sine and Cosine Laws

To find angles and sides in a triangle that does NOT have a right angle, we can use the sine and cosine laws. Each law can be derived by dropping a perpendicular line from the top angle of the triangle to the bottom side and applying right-angled trigonometry and Pythagoras's Law to the resulting right triangles.


Sine Law: Best used for problems involving two sides and two angles.


Cosine Law: Best used for problems involving three sides and one angle.


Trigonometric Functions



        Click here for graph of f(x) = a sin bx

        Click here for graph of f(x) = a cos bx




        Click here for graph of f(x) = a tan bx

Trigonometric Identities

The most basic identities that you should know are



From these fundamental results, most other results can be derived.

Remember, when trying to prove an equality (that is, another identity), either start with a known identity (as above) or work independently on the left and right sides of the equality you are trying to prove. Never start with the equality that you are trying to establish.


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